Archive for June, 2008

Buchanan Sharp – In Contempt of All Authority, Rural Artisans and Riot in the West of England, 1586-1660

Tuesday, June 24th, 2008
Click for larger version Buchanan SharpIn Contempt of All Authority, Rural Artisans and Riot in the West of England, 1586-1660
[University of California Press 1980]

   This book has been republished by Breviary Stuff Publications. more info…   

The Defendants in Contempt of all Authority
combined together and resolved to pull down
and destroy all the present
and ancient Inclosures.

John Rushworth, Historical Collections,
vol. III, App. 73, St. Ch. decree in A-G vs. Camry et al.,
for riot in Braydon Forest, Trin. 1635

Two of the most common types of popular disorders in late Tudor and early Stuart England were the food riots and the anti-enclosure riots in royal forests. Of particular interest are the forest riots known collectively as the Western Rising of 1626-1632, and the lesser known disorders in the Western forests which took place during the English Civil War. The central aims of this volume are to establish the social status of the people who engaged in those riots and to determine the social and economic conditions which produced the disorders.

The leaders and most active participants in riot were rural artisans — skilled men working in non-agricultural employments. These artisans, particularly those in the major industries of seventeenth-century England located in the forested West, were largely wage-earners. Virtually landless cottagers who relied on the market for food, clothworkers and other artisans frequently engaged in food riots and attempted insurrections during times of depression or harvest failure. These artisans exploited the common waste of the royal forests. Enclosure of the forests by the Crown threatened the livelihood of those workers who depended on the forests for raw material and pasturage. The result was the Western Rising and a similar series of riots in the 1640s.

These conclusions challenge the dominant modern view that work in rural industry was merely the by-employment of members of peasant households. Contrary to the prevailing interpretation that disaffected men of standing were generally behind disorders such as the Western Rising, manipulating popular grievances for their own ends, In Contempt of All Authority concludes that in times of economic and social distress or political dislocation (such as the Civil War) the "lower orders" of Tudor and Stuart England were galvanized to direct action by very basic issues of food supply, employment, and common rights. In the course of such actions they manifested an intense hatred of their social betters, whom they held responsible for existing conditions.

Contents

Abbreviations
Preface
I. Introduction
II. Food Riots, 1586-1631
III. The Crown's Response to Food Riots
IV. The Western Rising, 1626-1632
V. The Participants in the Western Rising
VI. Artisans, Cottagers, and Rural Distress
VII. The Dean Forest Community and the Policies of James I
VIII. The Government of Charles I and Dean Forest to 1641
IX. A Second Western Rising: Riot during the Civil War and Interregnum
X. Conclusion
Bibliography
Index
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Sylpheed Apes Claws Mail

Thursday, June 19th, 2008

Knowing the history of the relationship between Claws Mail and Sylpheed, it was amusing to read the release announcement for Sylpheed 2.5.0 earlier this week:

    * New features
          o The vertical 3-paned view mode was added.
          o The feature to save SSL peer certificate was added.
          o The option 'Treat HTML only message as attachment' was
            added.
          o The feature to confirm missing attachments was added.
          o The feature to confirm recipients before sending was added.

Why is this amusing? It is amusing because Claws Mail, (née Sylpheed-Claws), started life as the development branch of Sylpheed, where new features could be added, tested and improved before going into the Sylpheed main branch — at least, that was the agreement which was reached and the agreement which instigated the start of the Sylpheed-Claws project — in order to make Sylpheed better rather than to make a better Sylpheed. To cut a long story short, although the movement of code from Claws to Sylpheed was happening early in the project, (Actions, Colour Labels and Templates originated in Claws, for example), this movement slowed and then ground to a halt. We had code and features in Claws that were well-tested and stable and yet the migration to Sylpheed was not happening, and little or no reason was communicated as to why this stagnation was occurring. Eventually it became obvious, without ever being said, that the features/code already written in Claws were not ever going to get into Sylpheed, and that Sylpheed was a one-man-band, a one-party system, as it were. So, naturally, the Claws Mail team decided to fork the project and go in its own direction. We started out with the aim to make Sylpheed better, and ended up with a better Sylpheed.

o The vertical 3-paned view mode was added.
In Claws Mail since version 2.8.0 (February 2007). Claws Mail also has additional 'Wide message', 'Wide message list' and 'Small screen' layouts.
o The feature to save SSL peer certificate was added.
In Claws Mail since version 0.8.5claws (October 2002)
o The option 'Treat HTML only message as attachment' was added.
With Claws Mail's clearer display/layout, an option such as this is unnecessary and irrelevant.
o The feature to confirm missing attachments was added.
Added as a plugin for Claws Mail in November 2006.
o The feature to confirm recipients before sending was added.
This feature is not in Claws Mail, but I wonder who actually needs a feature like this?

Coming up: An exhaustive list of the differences between Claws Mail and Sylpheed. (See what features Sylpheed might have in 5 years!!)

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E. P. Thompson – Whigs and Hunters, The Origin of the Black Act

Tuesday, June 17th, 2008
E. P. Thompson - Whigs and Hunters, The Origin of the Black Act E. P. ThompsonWhigs & Hunters, The Origin of the Black Act
[Penguin 1990]

buy used at abebooks.co.uk
If you use this link to purchase this item breviary stuff will receive 5% commission

Whigs and Hunters plunges into the murky waters of the early eighteenth century to chart the violently conflicting currents that boiled beneath the apparent calm of the time. The subject is the Black Act, a law of unprecedented savagery passed by Parliament in 1723 to deal with 'wicked and evil-disposed men going armed in disguise'. These men were pillaging the royal forests of deer, conducting a running battle against the forest officers with blackmail, threats and violence.

These 'Blacks', however, were men of some substance; their protest (for such it was) took issue with the equally wholesale plunder of the forest by Whig nominees to the forest offices. And Robert Walpole, still consolidating his power, took an active part in the prosecution of the 'Blacks'. The episode is laden with political and social implications, affording us glimpses of considerable popular discontent, political chicanery, judicial inequity, corrupt ambition and crime.

Contents

List of Illustrations
Abbreviations
Preface

Introduction: The Black Act

PART 1: Windsor
1. Windsor Forest
2. The Windsor Blacks
3. Offenders and Antagonists

PART 2: Hampshire
4. The Hampshire Forests
5. King John
6. Awful Examples
7. The Hunters

PART 3: Whigs
8. Enfield and Richmond
9. The Politics of the Black Act
10. Consequences and Conclusions
i. People
ii. Forests
iii. The Exercise of Law
iv. The Rule of Law

Appendix 1: The Black Act
Appendix 2: Alexander Pope and the Blacks
Note on Sources
Postscript to the Peregrine Edition
Index of Persons and Places
Subject Index
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The Hancock Project

Saturday, June 14th, 2008

the hancock project. A film by Bruce Gilchrist & Jo Joelson (London Fieldworks)
Institvtvm Pataphysicvm Londiniense
Department of Reconstructive Archaeology, dora 4
DVD. For distribution only to members and friends of the Institute. 33 signed copies (I to XXXIII), and 99 copies numbered 1 to 99.

Anthony Hancock, Paintings & Sculpture: A Retrospective Exhibition ran for 14 days in September 2002 at The Foundry, London. It allowed "for a complete re-assessment of Hancock's contribution to the art of his time" as the Department recreated "the entirety of Hancock's known pictorial output, as well as his most important sculpture (the magnificent and imposing Aphrodite at the Waterhole)." Magnus Irvin, gave a practical demonstration — by reconstructing Hancock's only known "action painting" Aphrodite at the Waterhole (on the Horizontal) — on the exhibition's opening night, 7 September 2002 vulg. (in reality New Year's Eve 129 EP by the 'Pataphysical calendar).

Compared to Hancock, Gainsborough comes across as a rank amateur, while Paul Cézanne is frankly contemptible. … Hancock craftily demonstrates that it is more socially valuable for artists to manifest the contradictions of their calling as specialist non-specialists, than to buttress the spectacle without even realising that art is irredeemably reactionary. Hancock intuitively understands that those capitalism condemns to be artists must simultaneously and by necessity join with the proletariat in allowing the real anti-art to begin. Our task is to create a new world, and all of anarchism can be found in the ridiculous idea that bohemians may live groovy lives while the rest of us are oppressed by the tyrannies of exchange.
Stewart Home, Tony Hancock as "The Rebel": Warhol before Warhol, or From The Art of Commerce to the Business of Art, Encomia for Anthony Hancock (Eds. Alastair Brotchie & Magnus Irvin) (London Institute of 'Pataphysics, 2002)

Links
Anthony Hancock, Paintings & Sculpture: A Retrospective Exhibition
The London Institute of 'Pataphysics
Anthony Aloysius St. John Hancock at Wikipedia
The Rebel (1961) at The Internet Movie Database
Magnus Irvin
Stewart Home
Alfred Jarry at Wikipedia
George Melly at Wikipedia
Simon Watson Taylor at Wikipedia
Henry Snowstorm
Collège de ´Pataphysique
London Fieldworks

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The Power is Always on the Side of the People, when they Choose to Act

Saturday, June 7th, 2008
The enclosure movement and the slave trade ushered industrial capitalism into the modern world. By 1832 England was largely closed, its countryside privatized (some even mechanized), in contrast to a century earlier when its fields were largely open—"champion" country, to use the happy technical term—and yeoman, children, women could subsist by commoning. By 1834 slavery had been abolished in the British empire whereas a century earlier, on 11 September 1713, the asiento licensed British slavers to trade African slaves throughout the Americas. Together the expelled commoners and the captured Africans provided the labor power available for exploitation in the factories of the field (tobacco and sugar) and the factories of the towns (woolens and cottons). Whether indentured servant, West African youngster, former milkmaid, or woodsman without his woods, the lords of humankind looked upon them indifferently as laboring bodies to produce surplus value, and so emerged the Atlantic working day, which entirely depended upon a prior discommoning.

The legal cliché is that the American constitution is written, while the English is unwritten. Strictly speaking this is untrue inasmuch as both have stemmed from the Magna Carta of 1215. The important difference between English and American constitutional development is not that one is unwritten and the other is written. The difference is Africa. The maintenance and expansion of unwaged labor on the plantation where slaves produced surplus value was indispensable to American constitutional and revolutionary history, whereas the salient English development was the statutory enclosure of lands and privatization of all attempts at commoning. The Atlantic multitudes were divided by race in the emerging constitution. The Charters of Liberties were contested in this process. The enclosure movement, opposed by English commoners, conveniently ignored the Forest Charter. The movement to abolish slavery used Magna Carta and helped put it back into the English working-class movement.

Peter Linebaugh, The Magna Carta Manifesto, Liberties and Commons for All (University of California Press 2008), 94-95
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